Description: Social security systems around the world have suffered from inadequate funding, leading to current or potential deficits and ultimate insolvency. This article discusses that this problem is a direct actuarial consequence of the inadequate funding that created the problem in the first place. It is simply an open group valuation problem.

Description: A discussion of the similarities and differences in social security benefit design, indexation, and financing in Canada, the United States and other countries.

Description: Panelists at this session of the SOA Maui II Spring Meeting discuss how well the U.S. and Candian social security systems have met the criteria for an equitable system. An Australian actuary discusses his paper 'The Development of Some Criteria for Equity and National Retirement Income Systems.'

Description: This session from the 1995 SOA Boston Meeting focuses on the problems with the dominant social pension systems around the world and the potential solutions to the problems in providing retirement income security in the face of aging populations and diminishing resources. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 21, No. 4b.

Description: This session from the 1995 SOA Boston Meeting presents different governmental approaches to providing financial security and health benefits for retirees, the problems associated with aging populations and the reduction in resources available to meet their needs. From the Record of the Society of Actuaries, Vol. 21, No. 4a.